1.	What is essential for diffusion?
A.	A concentration gradient
B.	A selectively permeable membrane
C.	A source of energy
D.	A protein									(Total 1 mark) 
2.	In the diagram below macromolecules are being transported to the exterior of a cell.

	What is the name of this process?
A.	Exocytosis
B.	Pinocytosis
C.	Endocytosis
D.	Phagocytosis 								(Total 1 mark) 
3.	Which of the following is a characteristic of organelles?
A.	They are only found in eukaryotic cells
B.	They are only found in prokaryotic cells
C.	They are sub-cellular structures
D.	They are all membrane bound						(Total 1 mark)
4.	If a red blood cell has a diameter of 8 mm and a student shows it with a diameter of 40 mm in a drawing, what is the magnification of the drawing?
A.	× 0.0002
B.	× 0.2
C.	× 5
D.	× 5000								(Total 1 mark)
 5.	Which phases of mitosis are shown in diagrams I and II?

		I	II
	I	II	
A.	metaphase	prophase	
B.	metaphase	telophase	
C.	anaphase	prophase	
D.	anaphase	metaphase	
6.	The key below can be used to identify some of the structures in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Which structures are ribosomes?
1.	Enclosed in a membrane	go to 2 
	Not enclosed in a membrane	go to 3
2.	Diameter less than 100 nm	A.
	Diameter greater than 100 nm	B.
3.	Composed of one globular structure	C.
	Composed of two sub-units	D.
(Total 1 mark) 
7.	What is facilitated diffusion?
A.	The passive movement of a particle through the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
B.	The passive movement of a particle across a cell membrane via a channel protein.
C.	The movement of a particle down a concentration gradient helped by active pumping.
D.	The movement of a particle up a concentration gradient helped by active pumping.
(1)
8.	Which group of organisms, identified by this key, represents the Fungi?
1	Nuclei present	.................................................................2
No nuclei present	................................................................A
2	Develops from an embryo	....................................................3
Does not develop from an embryo	.......................................4
3	Cell wall present	................................................................B
No cell wall	...................................................................C
4	Cell wall of chitin	................................................................D
Cell wall of cellulose or no cell wall	..................................Protoctista
(1) 
9.	Which of the following is required for osmosis to occur?
A.	An enzyme
B.	A fully permeable membrane
C.	ATP
D.	A solute concentration gradient
(1) 
10.	Colchicine is a chemical substance that prevents the formation of microtubules. What stage of mitosis would be prevented, if dividing cells were treated with colchicine?
A.	Breaking down of the nuclear membrane
B.	Replication of DNA
C.	Separation of genetically identical chromosomes (chromatids)
D.	Supercoiling of chromosomes
(Total 1 mark)

11.	The diagram below shows which areas on the surface of a protein are composed of hydrophobic amino acids and which areas of hydrophilic amino acids.

Where in a cell would the protein be located?
A.	In a nuclear pore
B.	In the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes
C.	In the matrix of a mitochondrion
D.	In a phospholipid bilayer                                               (Total 1 mark) 
12.	Which processes always occur in meiosis but not normally in mitosis?
I.	Chiasmata formation
II.	Recombination of genes
III.	Separation of homologous chromosomes
A.	I and II only
B.	II and III only
C.	I and III only
D.	I, II and III                                                         (Total 1 mark)
13.	Which pair of characteristics are correct for the cellular processes of exocytosis and endocytosis?
	Exocytosis	Endocytosis	
A.	Secretion of cellular materials	Vesicles are moved away from the
plasma membrane	
B.	Cell membranes fuse	Vesicles are moved towards the
plasma membrane	
C.	Infolding of plasma membrane	Vesicles are moved away from the
plasma membrane	
D.	Vesicles moved towards the plasma
membrane	Plasma membrane increases in size	
14.	Which of the following processes take place during interphase?
I.	Respiration
II.	Active transport
III.	Protein synthesis
IV.	Replication of DNA
A.	I only
B.	I and II only
C.	I, II and III only
D.	I, II, III and IV
(Total 1 mark)
15.	Which two molecules are the principal components of membranes?
A.	Glycogen and protein
B.	Lipid and glycogen
C.	Cellulose and protein
D.	Protein and lipid
(Total 1 mark)
16.	The width of a human hair is 0.1 mm. What is the width in mm?
A.	10 mm
B.	100 mm
C.	1000 mm
D.	10 000 mm
(Total 1 mark)

17.	If a cell plate is beginning to form and nuclei are re-forming at opposite ends of a cell, what kind of cell is this?
A.	An animal cell in prophase
B.	A plant cell in prophase
C.	An animal cell in telophase
D.	A plant cell in telophase
(Total 1 mark)
18.	Which of the following correctly describes exocytosis?
	Plasma
membrane
increases in size	Plasma
membrane is
pulled inwards	Membranes fuse	vesicles
move away
from plasma
membrane	
A.	No	Yes	No	Yes	
B.	Yes	No	Yes	No	
C.	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	
D.	No	No	No	Yes	

(Total 1 mark) 
19.	Membrane proteins are critical components of nerve function.
Which process in nerves does not require a membrane protein?
A.	Diffusion of neurotransmitter
B.	Active transport of sodium
C.	Propagation of an action potential
D.	Binding of neurotransmitter						(Total 1 mark) 
20.	Which ratio limits the size of cells?
A.	The rate of metabolism to mass
B.	The surface area to volume
C.	The mass to volume
D.	The surface area to mass
(Total 1 mark)
21.	Which statements are characteristics of diffusion through membranes?
I.	Polysaccharides can be transported.
II.	It can be facilitated by special channels.
III.	It is affected by concentration gradients.
A.	I and II only
B.	I and III only
C.	II and III only
D.	I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
22.	Which statement is characteristic of tumours?
A.	They occur only in certain animal cells.
B.	They result from controlled cell division in only some organs.
C.	They result from uncontrolled cell division and occur in any organ.
D.	They result from partially controlled transcription.
(Total 1 mark) 
23.	What are organelles?
A.	Small structures in the cytoplasm of a cell that all have more than one function.
B.	Membrane-bound structures found near the nucleus of all cells.
C.	Discrete structures found inside all cells that have specific functions.
D.	Specialized cells inside an organ that have one function.
(Total 1 mark)
24.	Which organelles have a transport function?
A.	Ribosome and Golgi apparatus
B.	Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum
C.	Mitochondrion and endoplasmic reticulum
D.	Mitochondrion and ribosome
(Total 1 mark) 
25.	Which combination of features is found in most plant and animal cells?
A.	Plasma membrane, lysosome, Golgi apparatus
B.	Cytoplasm, mitochondria, ribosomes
C.	Rough ER, nucleus, centrioles
D.	Plastids, cytoplasm, nucleus						(Total 1 mark)
26.	During endocytosis, what change will most likely occur in the plasma membrane of a cell?
A.	It will form two phospholipid monolayers.
B.	It will become electrically charged.
C.	It will partially dissolve.
D.	It will form vesicles.
(Total 1 mark)
27.	Which of the following could be a function of a membrane protein?
A.	Energy storage
B.	Enzymatic activity
C.	Oxygen uptake
D.	Thermal insulation							(Total 1 mark) 
28.	Which of the following features is/are present in mitochondria but not in chloroplasts?
I.	DNA and ribosomes
II.	Outer and inner membranes
III.	Cristae
A.	I only
B.	II only
C.	III only
D.	I and III only							(Total 1 mark)
29.	The diagram below shows part of a plasma membrane. What label should be used for structure I?

A.	Peripheral protein
B.	Phospholipid
C.	Cholesterol
D.	Integral protein						(Total 1 mark) 
30.	What is the product of mitosis in plant cells?
A.	Four daughter cells with genetically different nuclei
B.	Four daughter cells with genetically identical nuclei
C.	Two daughter cells with genetically different nuclei
D.	Two daughter cells with genetically identical nuclei
(Total 1 mark)

31.	What is occurring in the cell cycle during interphase?
A.	Centromeres split
B.	DNA replication
C.	Nuclear membrane breaks down
D.	Chiasmata form								(Total 1 mark) 

32.	Which pair of features is correct for both plant and prokaryotic cells?
	Plant cell	Prokaryotic cell	
A.	Able to change shape	Fixed shape	
B.	Contains DNA associated with protein	Contains naked DNA	
C.	DNA enclosed by membrane	DNA associated with protein	
D.	Chloroplasts may be present	Chloroplasts may be present	
(Total 1 mark) 
33.	The diagram shows a model of a biological membrane. What do labels I, II, and III illustrate?

	I	II	III	
A.	Integral protein	Peripheral protein	Hydrophobic phosphate head	
B.	Peripheral protein	Glycoprotein	Hydrophilic phosphate head	
C.	Glycoprotein	Integral protein	Hydrophilic phosphate head	
D.	Glycoprotein	Peripheral protein	Hydrophobic phosphate head	
(Total 1 mark) 

34.	What describes the functions of the following organelles?
	Golgi apparatus	Rough endoplasmatic reticulum	
A.	Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion	ATP production	
B.	ATP production	Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion	
C.	Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion	Processing of proteins	
D.	Processing of proteins	Synthesis of proteins for cell secretion	
(Total 1 mark)
35.	Which processes are represented by the labels in the diagram below?

	I	II	
A.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by exocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of the Golgi apparatus.	
B.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by endocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of a lysosome.	
C.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by exocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of a lysosome.	
D.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by endocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of the Golgi apparatus.	
(Total 1 mark)
 36.	A student observes and draws an Amoeba, using the high power lens of a microscope. The diameter of the drawing is 100 mm. The actual diameter of the Amoeba is 100 µm. What is the magnification of the drawing?
A.	0.001
B.	100
C.	400
D.	1000
(Total 1 mark)

37.	What ensures that mitosis produces two genetically identical nuclei?
A.	One of each of the twenty-three types of chromosome is pulled to each pole of the cell by spindle microtubules.
B.	Half of the chromosomes are pulled to each centriole by mesosomes.
C.	Identical chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle microtubules.
D.	DNA molecules are moved to the equator of the cell where they are replicated.
(Total 1 mark) 

	I	II	
A.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by exocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of the Golgi apparatus.	
B.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by endocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of a lysosome.	
C.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by exocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of a lysosome.	
D.	A phagocyte ingesting a microbe by endocytosis.	Digestion of the microbe with the help of the Golgi apparatus.	
(Total 1 mark)

 38.	In what way are eukaryotic chromosomes different from prokaryotic chromosomes?
	Eukaryotic chromosomes	Prokaryotic chromosomes	
A.	Protein is present	Protein is absent	
B.	DNA is present	DNA is absent	
C.	RNA is present	RNA is absent	
D.	RNA is absent	RNA is present	
(Total 1 mark)

39.	Which of the following are associated with mitosis?
	I.	Tissue repair
II.	Chiasmata
III.	Asexual reproduction
A.	I and II only
B.	I and III only
C.	II and III only
D.	I, II, and III
(Total 1 mark) 

40.	What is the correct order of increasing size for the following biological structures?
I.	The width of a virus
II.	The width of a bacterium
III.	The thickness of a cell surface membrane
IV.	The diameter of a eukaryotic cell
A.	I ® III ® II ® IV
B.	I ® III ® IV ® II
C.	III ® I ® II ® IV
D.	III ® II ® I ® IV						(Total 1 mark)
41.	Which of the following structures are present in both plant and animal cells?
I.	Cell wall
II.	Chloroplast
III.	Mitochondrion
A.	I only
B.	I and II only
C.	I and III only
D.	III only								(Total 1 mark)

42.	In viewing an electron micrograph of a cell, ribosomes, pili and a single circular chromosome are observed. What other structure is likely to be present?
A.	The rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)
B.	Mitochondria
C.	A nuclear membrane
D.	A plasmid								(Total 1 mark) 
43.	The DNA of a particular cell is damaged, so that the cell continues to divide uncontrollably. What is the possible result?
A.	Coronary heart disease
B.	AIDS
C.	Tumour formation
D.	Down syndrome							(Total 1 mark)
44.	What is produced as a result of mitosis?
A.	Two cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell
B.	Two cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
C.	Four cells, each containing the same number of chromosomes as the original cell
D.	Four cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell
(Total 1 mark)

 
45.	Which of the following is a feature of exocytosis but not endocytosis?
A.	 Shape changes of a membrane
B.	Vesicle formation
C.	Use of ATP
D.	Secretion
(Total 1 mark)

1.	A
 
2.	A
 
3.	C
 
4.	D
 
5.	C
 
6.	D
 
7.	B
 
8.	D
 
9.	D
 
10.	C

11.	D
 
12.	D
 
13.	A
 
14.	D
 
15.	D
 
16.	B
 
17.	D
 
18.	B
 
19.	A
 
20.	B

21.	C
 
22.	C
 
23.	C
 
24.	B
 
25.	B
 
26.	D
 
27.	B
 
28.	C
 
29.	D
 
30.	D

31.	B
 
32.	B
 
33.	C
 
34.	D
 
35.	B
 
36.	D
 
37.	C
 
38.	A
 
39.	B
 
40.	C

41.	D
 
42.	D
 
43.	C
 
44.	B
 
45.	D